This research was undertaken to assist the SR SUMMEX in determining and evaluating the current state of the art in knowledge, practice, and policy regarding AWS, their potential impacts on human and humanitarian rights, and their potential employment in targeted killings. The report finds that uses of AWS could fall within the remit of the SR SUMMEX and concludes that swift action is warranted to address the growing challenges of AWS. The report identifies key information gaps, needed additional research, and high priority policy options for the SR to consider.