In light of aggravating anthropogenic climate change, scholars and policymakers alike have pointed to the urgent need for a clean energy transition in order to limit global greenhouse gas emissions. Lithium plays a critical role in this transition. With the rapid electrification of the transport sector, global lithium demand is projected to skyrocket in the coming years. Focusing on the case of Chile, the present report critically assesses the socioenvironmental impacts of lithium extraction and discusses the relevance and applicability of the so-called ‘Just Transition’ framework in Chile.