Mapping Vulnerabilities of Climate-related Migration

Bangladesh is grappling with escalating challenges as climate hazards become increasingly frequent and severe. Limited financial resources to recover from climatic shocks drive many to migrate in search of better opportunities, while others stay due to strong community bonds and social support systems. Coastal areas are particularly vulnerable to sudden disasters such as cyclones and storm surges, as well as slower-onset issues like saline intrusion, which have severe socio-economic consequences. Meanwhile, northern regions like Kurigram primarily face recurring floods that devastate agriculture and livelihoods. Despite national progress in poverty reduction, Kurigram's poverty rates continue to rise, highlighting its unique vulnerability. Through surveys and semi-structured interviews, this research finds that migration emerges as a coping strategy for climate-related hardships, with people moving from rural areas to urban centres like Dhaka and Chittagong. This migration is often temporary and male-dominated, though some families migrate permanently. Children, however, face heightened vulnerabilities compared to adults, including increased risks of child labour, child marriages, and exploitation, particularly in urban slums. The lack of institutional support further compounds these challenges, leaving many migrants feeling abandoned by the government. This report concludes with several recommendations to address the identified issues. These include enhancing child-friendly infrastructure in migration destinations, creating safe spaces for children, and advocating for child-inclusive climate policies. Equally important is the need to strengthen community-led initiatives and foster social cohesion to better protect and empower children.