As climate change continues to threaten human lives, ecosystems and economies, climate services, risk information and early warning systems are increasingly recognized as key for reducing impacts of weather-, water-, and climate-related hazards and adapting to climate change. Climate services provide science-based and user-specific information relating to past, present and potential future climates. This research project focused on 4 pilot case studies for demonstrating the socio-economic benefits of climate services for energy (both for mitigation and adaptation).