Each year, the International Center for Monetary and Banking Studies (ICMB) organizes an international conference - The Geneva Conference on the World Economy - dealing with an issue of keen interest to bankers, policy makers and academic researchers. The Conference is organized around a study specially commissioned from leading experts.

This year's Conference focused on Debt in the 21st Century and was introduced by Jaime Caruana, former General Manager of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), Marie-Laure Salles, Director of the Graduate Institute, and Ugo Panizza, Director of the ICMB and Deputy Director of the Centre for Finance and Development.

Nathan Sussman, Director of the Graduate Institute's Centre for Finance and Development, contributed to the 23rd edition of the Geneva Conference on the World Economy, which took place on October 7-8, 2021, and gave a presentation on "The Low Real Interest Rate - Real or Monetary Causes and Consequences" (download pdf).