As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to shape our world, it raises profound ethical, societal, and philosophical questions that demand deeper reflection. In response, a global network of experts has developed Critical Conversations about AI: A Glossary for Big Questions and Bold Ideas, a unique resource designed to challenge mainstream AI narratives and foster meaningful discussions. Created in partnership with Obvia - The International Observatory on the Societal Impacts of AI and Digital Technology, the Tech Hub at the Geneva Graduate Institute, and the Center for AI in Government at the University of Birmingham, this glossary critically explores overlooked, underexamined, and emerging AI concepts that influence society in ways that often go unnoticed. Rather than providing standard definitions, it offers nuanced explanations, real-world examples, and open-ended questions that encourage professionals, policymakers, educators, researchers, and the general public to engage in thoughtful dialogue about AI’s impact.

This initiative was inspired by key discussions at the Action AI Summit in Paris, where international researchers identified the need for a glossary that goes beyond technical definitions to critically examine AI’s broader implications. AI is more than just an innovation, it is a socio-technical system embedded in governance, economics, labor, culture, and everyday life. This glossary brings together perspectives from philosophy, social sciences, law, political science, and ethics to unpack AI’s role in shaping power structures, reinforcing biases, influencing decision-making, and transforming public and private sectors.

Each entry in the glossary presents a thought-provoking exploration of a specific AI-related concept, often one that is overlooked or inadequately addressed in mainstream discussions. By integrating historical context, case studies, and real-world applications, the glossary challenges readers to rethink common assumptions and consider AI’s implications beyond its technological capabilities. Some terms explore the unintended consequences of AI, such as algorithmic discrimination, surveillance capitalism, and predictive policing, while others highlight the potential of AI for social good, ethical governance, and sustainability. By presenting AI as both a challenge and an opportunity, the glossary equips users with the critical tools needed to navigate the ethical dilemmas and policy challenges posed by rapid technological advancement.

Unlike static glossaries, Critical Conversations about AI is a living document, updated annually with new insights. This ensures that the resource remains dynamic, relevant, and continuously engaged with contemporary AI discourse. Recognizing that AI is evolving at an unprecedented pace, the glossary adapts by integrating new research and addressing emerging concerns, making it an indispensable tool for those seeking to understand AI’s impact from multiple perspectives.

According to Dr. Lyse Langlois (Obvia), the glossary is a crucial instrument in fostering AI literacy and empowering individuals and organizations to critically engage with AI’s societal implications. Dr. Jérôme Duberry (Geneva Graduate Institute) highlights its role in bridging the gap between theory and practice, ensuring that AI literacy extends not only to students and academics but also to senior policymakers and decision-makers. Dr. Martin Wählisch (University of Birmingham) underscores its importance in policy discussions and governance, emphasizing that AI is not just a technological shift but a societal transformation that requires ethical foresight and responsible implementation.

This glossary is freely accessible and invites ongoing collaboration. Readers are encouraged to explore the resource and contribute by suggesting new terms or concepts that need further examination. As AI continues to evolve, Critical Conversations about AI serves as a vital tool to ensure that ethical considerations and societal impacts remain central to the discussion.

Critical Conversations about AI: A Glossary for Big Questions and Bold Ideas