The Politics of Peace- and State-Building (E027)

Course Organization

Summer Semester 2008
Monday 8:15-10:00
Room:

Instructor: Katia Papagianni
Email: papagian@hei.unige.ch

Assistant: Victoria Wisniewski Otero
Office: No. 38, Rigot Hall
Tel: 022.908.5951
Email: wisniev6@hei.unige.ch

Course Description

This course examines the politics of peace-building and state-building starting from the end of civil wars and the signing of peace agreements through the holding of elections, the demilitarization and reintegration of combatants and the adoption of new constitutions. It seeks to explore the challenges presented by each stage and component of peace- and state-building and the ways in which the international community has attempted to address these challenges so far. The goal of the course is to give students a good understanding of the complexity and realities of peace- and state-building through reliance on theoretical literature and case specific studies.

Requirements

• Two 2-page notes on readings assigned after the mid-term. Students may choose any two of the assigned readings after Week 8. The notes should succinctly present and critique the argument of the reading. The notes should not exceed 2 pages.
• Take-home mid-term exam consisting of one 5-page essay.
• One presentation on the week's readings (not to overlap with reading notes), which will briefly summarize the main arguments in the readings and offer a critique. Presentations should not exceed 10 minutes.
• 10-15 page research paper.

Grading

• Research paper: 40% (grade includes timely submission of statement of research and paper outline)
• Take-home mid-term examination: 20%
• Class participation: 25% (including presentation)
• Notes on readings: 15%

WEEK 1, February 18: Introduction

• David Chandler, “Introduction: Empire in Denial,” Chapter 1 in Empire in Denial; The Politics of State-Building ( London : Pluto Press, 2006).
• Simon Chesterman, “Power and Change: the Evolution of United Nations Complex Peace Operations,” Chapter 2 in You, The People; the United Nations, Transitional Administrations and State-Building ( Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2004).
• Roland Paris, “The Origins of Peacebuilding,” Chapter I in At War's End; Building Peace After Civil Conflict ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2004).
• Stephen John Stedman, “Introduction,” in Stedman, Rothchild and Cousens, eds, Ending Civil Wars, The Implementation of Peace Agreements (Boulder: Lynn Rienner Publishers, 2002).

Additional/Optional Sources

• Michael Barnett, “ Nation Building 's New Face,” Foreign Policy , No 133, Nov/Dec 2002.
• Charles Call and Susan Cook, eds, Democratization and Peacebuilding, A special issue of Global Governance , Vol 9, No 2, April-June 2003.
• George Downs and Stephen John Stedman, “Evaluation Issues in Peace Implementation,” in Ending Civil Wars, The Implementation of Peace Agreements.
• Francis Fukuyama, State-Building; Governance and World Order in the Twentieth-First Century , Chapter III, “ Weak States and International Legitimacy” (Profile Books, Ltd, 2005).
• Marina Ottaway, “Nation-Building,” Foreign Policy , No 132, Sept/Oct 2002.
• Marina Ottaway and Bethany Lacina, “International Interventions and Imperialism: Lessons from the 1990s,” SAIS Review , Vol XXIII, No 2, Summer-Fall 2003.
• Ronald Paris, “Peacebuilding and the Limits of Liberal Internationalism,” International Security , Vol 22, No 2, Autumn 1997.

WEEK 2, February 25 : Ending Wars and Keeping Peace

• Virginia Page Fortna , “Does Peacekeeping Keep Peace? International Intervention and the Duration of Peace After Civil War,” International Studies Quarterly , Vol 48, No 2, 2004.
• Caroline Hartzell, Matthew Hoddie and Donald Rothchild, “Stabilizing the Peace After Civil War: An Investigation of Some Key Variables,” International Organization , Vol 55, No 1, Winter 2001.
• Jack Snyder and Robert Jervis, “Civil War and the Security Dilemma,” in Barbara F. Walter and Jack Snyder, eds, Civil Wars, Insecurity, and Intervention
• Barbara Walter, “Designing Transitions from Civil War,” International Security, Vol 24, No 1, Summer 1999.

Additional/Optional Sources

• Michael W. Doyle and Nicholas Sambanis, “International Peacebuilding: A Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis,” American Political Science Review , Vol 94, No 4, 2000.
• Roy Licklider, “The consequences of negotiated settlements in civil wars, 1945-1993,” The American Political Science Review , Vol 89, No 3, September 1995.
• Marc Peceny, William Stanley, “Liberal Social Reconstruction and the Resolution of Civil Wars in Central America ,” International Organization , Vol 55, No 1, Winter 2001.

WEEK 3, March 3: State Weakness, State Collapse, State Failure  

• Jeffrey Herbst, “The Challenge of State-Building in Africa,” Chapter 1 in States and Power in Africa; Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000).
• Robert H. Jackson, “Quasi-States, Dual Regimes, and Neoclassical Theory: International Jurisprudence and the Third World ,” International Organization , Vol 41, No 4, Autumn 1987, 529.
• William Reno, “War, Markets, and the Configuration of West Africa's Weak States ,” Comparative Politics , Vol 29, No 4, July 1997.
• Robert I. Rotberg, “The Failure and Collapse of Nation-States: Breakdown, Prevention and Repair,” Chapter 1 in Robert Rotberg, ed, When States Fail; Causes and Consequences (Princeton and Oxford : Princeton University Press, 2004).

Additional/Optional Sources

• Christopher Clapham, Africa and the International System; The Politics of State Survival (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
• Pierre Englebert, “The contemporary African state: neither African nor state,” Third World Quarterly , Vol 18, No 4, 1997.
• Jeffrey Herbst, “War and the State in Africa ,” International Security , Vol 14, No 4, Spring 1990.
• Jennifer Miliken and Keith Krause, “State Failure, State Collapse and State Reconstructions,” Development and Change , Vol 33, No 5, 2002.
• William Reno, Warlord Politics and African States (Boulder: Lynn Rienner, 1998).
• Alexandros Yannis, “State Collapse and its Implications for Peace-Building and Reconstruction,” Development and Change , Vol 33, No 5, 2002.
• William Zartman, ed, Collapsed States: The Disintegration and Restoration of Legitimate Authority (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1995).  Introduction and Conclusion.

WEEK 4, March 10: Responding to State Failure

• Michael Barnett, “Building a Republican Peace; Stabilizing States after War,” International Security , Vol 30, No 4, Spring 2006.
• Jeffrey Herbst, “Responding to State Failure in Africa ,” International Security , Vol 21, No 3, Winter 1996-97.
• Stephen D. Krasner, “Sharing Sovereignty; New Institutions for Collapsed and Failed States,” International Security , Vol 29, No 1, Fall 2004.
• Marina Ottaway, “Rebuilding State Institutions in Collapsed States,” Development and Change , Vol 33, No 5, 2002.
• Ronald Paris, “Peacebuilding and the Limits of Liberal Internationalism,” International Security , Vol 22, No 2, Autumn 1997.

Additional/Optional Sources

• Francis Fukuyama, “The Imperative of State-Building,” Journal of Democracy , Vol 15, No 2, April 2004.
• Richard Joseph and Jeffrey Herbst, “Correspondence; Responding to State Failure in Africa ,” International Security , Vol 22, No 2, Fall 1997.
• Stephen D. Krasner and Carlos Pascual, “Addressing State Failure,” Foreign affairs , Vol 84, No 4, Jul/Aug 2005.
• Stephen D. Krasner, “Building Democracy After Conflict; The Case for Shared Sovereignty,” Journal of Democracy , Vol 16, No 1, January 2005.
• “ Liberia and Sierra Leone : Rebuilding Failed States,” International Crisis Group, Africa Report No 87 , December 8, 2004.
• Roland Paris, At War's End; Building Peace After Civil Conflict ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2004). Chapter 10, “Toward More Effective Peacebuilding: Institutionalization Before Liberalization.”
• Minxin Pei and Sara Kasper, “Lessons from the Past: The American Record on Nation-Building,” Policy Brief No 24, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace , May 2003.
• William Zartman, ed, Collapsed States: The Disintegration and Restoration of Legitimate Authority, Conclusion (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1995).  

WEEK 5, March 17: The UN as Peace- and State-Builder

• Michael W. Doyle and Nicholas Sambanis, “Making Peace: Successes” and “Making Peace: Failures” Chapters 5 and 6 in Making War and Building Peace; United Nations Peace Operations (Princeton and Oxford : Princeton University Press, 2006).
• James D. Fearon and David D. Laitin, “Neotrusteeship and the Problem of Weak States,” International Security , Vol 28, No 4, Spring 2004.
• Roland Paris, “ Namibia and Mozambique : Success Stories in Southern Africa ?” Chapter 8 in At War's End; Building Peace After Civil Conflict ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2004).

Additional/Optional Sources

• Simon Chesterman, You the People: The United Nations, Transitional Administration and State-building (Oxford University Press, 2004).
• Michael W. Doyle, UN Peacekeeping in Cambodia; UNTAC's Civil Mandate (Boulder/London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1995).
• Ian Martin and Alexander Mayer-Rieckh, “The United Nations and East Timor : From Self-Determination to State-Building,” International Peacekeeping , Vol 12, No 1, Spring 2005.
• Roland Paris, “Peacebuilding in Central America : Reproducing the Sources of Conflict?” International Peacekeeping , Vol 9, No 4, Winter 2002.
• A Review of Peace Operations: A Case for Change , Conflict, Security and Development Group, King's College London, March 2003. Studies on Sierra Leone , Afghanistan and East Timor .
• Alexandros Yannis, “The UN as Government in Kosovo,” Global Governance , Vol 10, No 1, Jan-Mar 2004.

WEEK 6, March 24: Sharing Power and Accommodating Diversity

• Nancy Bermeo, ‘A New Look at Federalism: the Import of Institutions,” Journal of Democracy , Vol 13, No 2, April 1999.
• Caroline A. Hartzell, “Explaining the Stability of Negotiated Settlements to Intrastate Wars,” Journal of Conflct Resolution, Vol 43, No 1, February 1999.
• Arend Lijphart, “Constitutional Design for Divided Societies,” Journal of Democracy , Vol 15, No 2, April 2004.
• Donald Rothchild and Philip G. Roeder, “Dilemmas of State-Building in Divided Societies,” (pp 1-19) and “Conclusion: Nation-State Stewardship and the Alternatives to Power Sharing,” Chapters 1 and 13 in Rothchild and Roeder, eds, Sustainable Peace; Power and Democracy after Civil Wars ( Ithaca and London ; Cornell University Press, 2005).

Additional/Optional Sources

• Valerie Bunce, Subversive Institutions: The Design and the Destruction of Socialism and the State (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
• Donald Horowitz, “Making Moderation Pay,” in J. Montville, Conflict and Peacemaking in Multiethnic Societies (Free Press, 1991).
• Donald Horowitz, “Constitutional Design: Proposals versus Processes,” in Andrew Reynolds, ed, The Architecture of Democracy ( Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2002).
• Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship (Oxford University Press, 1995), Chapters 7&9.
• Donald Rothchild, “Settlement Terms and Postagreement Stability,” in Stedman, Rothchild and Cousens, eds, Ending Civil Wars, The Implementation of Peace Agreements.

1-page statement of research topic due in class. The statement should include the question you want to research, the evidence you will use in answering the question, and possible country(ies) you are interested in studying. It should not be more than one page.

WEEK 7, March 31: Electoral Timing and Electoral Systems

• Terrence Lyons, “The Role of Postsettlement Elections,” in Stedman, Rothchild and Cousens, eds, Ending Civil Wars, The Implementation of Peace Agreements (Boulder: Lynn Rienner Publishers, 2002).
• Edward D. Mansfield and Jack Snyder, Chapters 1, 3, 9, Electing to Fight; Why Emerging Democracies Go to War ( Cambrdige , MA : Harvard University Press, 2005).
• Benjamin Reilly, “Does the Choice of Electoral System Promote Democracy? The Gap between Theory and Practice,” Chapter 7 in Rothchild and Roeder, eds, Sustainable Peace; Power and Democracy after Civil Wars ( Ithaca and London ; Cornell University Press, 2005).

Additional/Optional Sources

• Roberto Belloni, “Peacebuilding and Consociational Electoral Engineering in Bosnia and Herzegovina ,” International Peacekeeping , Vol 11, No 2, Summer 2004.
• Jon Elster, Claus Offe and Ulrich K. Preuss, Chapter 4, “Building and Consolidating Democracies,” pp. 109-130 (section on the origins and consequences of electoral systems), in Elster, Offe and Preuss, eds, Institutional Design in Post-communist Societies; Rebuilding the Ship at Sea (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
• Terrence Lyons, “Post-conflict elections and the process of demilitarizing politics: the role of electoral administration,” Democratization , Vol 11, No 3, 2004.
• Carrie Manin and Miljenko Antic, “Lessons from Bosnia and Herzegovina ; The Limits of Electoral Engineering,” Journal of Democracy , Vol 14, No 3, July 2003.
• Guillermo O'Donnell and Philippe C. Schmitter, Chapter 6, “Convoking Elections (and Provoking Parties),” in Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986).
• Michael Pugh and Margaret Cobble, “Non-Nationalist Voting in Bosnian Municipal Elections: Implications for Democracy and Peacebuilding,” Journal of Peace Research , Vol 38, No 1, January 2001.
• Ben Reilly, Democracy in divided societies: electoral engineering for conflict management ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2001).
• Ben Reilly, “Electoral Systems for Divided Societies,” Journal of Democracy , Vol 13, No 2, April 2002.

WEEK 8, April 7: Peace- and State-building in Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Sumantra Bose, “The Bosnian State a Decade After Dayton ,” International Peacekeeping , Vol 12, No 3, Autumn 2005.
• David Chandler, ‘Introduction: Peace without Politics?' International Peacekeeping , Vol 12, No 3, Autumn 2005.
• Marcus Cox, “Bosnia Case Study,” in Charles Call and Vanessa Wyeth, eds, Building States to Build Peace (International Peace Academy, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2008).
• Gerard Knaus and Felix Martin, “Travails of the European Raj,” Journal of Democracy , Vol 14, No 3, July 2003.
• Matthew Parish, “The Demise of the Dayton Protectorate,” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding , Vol 1, Special Supplement, December 1, 2007.

Additional/Optional Sources

• Kristof Bender and Gerard Knaus, “The Worst in Class: How the International Protectorate Hurts the European Future of Bosnia and Herzegovina ,” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding , Vol 1, Special Supplement, December 1, 2007.
• David Chandler, ‘Imposing the ‘Rule of Law': The Lessons of BiH for Peacebuilding in Iraq ', International Peacekeeping, Vol 11, No 2 (Summer 2004).
• Elizabeth M. Cousens, “From Missed Opportunities to Overcompensation: Implementing the Dayton Agreement on Bosnia ,” in Stedman, Rothchild and Cousens, eds, Ending Civil Wars, The Implementation of Peace Agreements ( Boulder : Lynn Rienner Publishers, 2002).
• Richard Kaplan, “International Authority and State-Building: The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina ,” Global Governance , Vol 10, No 1, Jan-Mar 2004.
• Roland Paris, At War's End; Building Peace After Civil Conflict ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2004), Chapter 6, “ Bosnia and Croatia : Reinforcing Ethnic Divisions.”
• Susan L. Woodward, “ Bosnia and Herzegovina : How Not to End Civil War,” in Jack Snyder and Barbara Walter, eds, Civil Wars, Insecurity, and Intervention (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999).

Take-home midterm examination will be handed out.

WEEK 9, April 14: Democracy and Statebuilding; Iraq

• Charles T. Call & Susan E. Cook, “Introduction: Postconflict Peacebuilding and Democratization,” Global Governance , Vol 9, 2003.
• Larry Diamond, “Building Democracy After Conflict; Lessons from Iraq ,” Journal of Democracy , Vol 16, No 1, January 2005.
• Marina Ottoway, “ Iraq : Without Consensus, Democracy Is Not the Answer,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Policy Brief 36 , March 2005.
• Donald Rothchild and Philip G. Roeder, “Power Sharing as an Impediment to Peace and Democracy,” Chapter 2 in Rothchild and Roeder, eds, Sustainable Peace; Power and Democracy after Civil Wars ( Ithaca and London ; Cornell University Press, 2005).
• Jack Snyder, “Empire: a blunt tool for democratization,” Daedalus , Vol 134, No 2, Spring 2005.

Additional/Optional Sources

• Nancy Bermeo, “What the Democratization Literature Says-or Doesn't Say-About Postwar Democratization,” Global Governance , Vol 9, No 2, April-June 2003.
• Daniel Byman, “Constructing a Democratic Iraq ; Challenges and Opportunities,” International Security , Vol 28, No 1, Summer 2003.
• Thomas Carothers, “The End of the Transition Paradigm,” Journal of Democracy , Vol 13, No 1, January 2002.
• Larry Goodson, “Building Democracy After Conflict; Bullets, Ballots, and Poppies in Afghanistan ,” Journal of Democracy , Vol 16, No 1, January 2005.
• Katia Papagianni, “ State Building and Transitional Politics in Iraq : The Perils of a Top-Down Transition,” International Studies Perspectives , Vol 8, 2007.
• Sorpong Peou, I nternational Democracy Assistance for Peacebuilding: Cambodia and Beyond (Palgrave Macmillan, 2007).
• Marc F Plattner, “Introduction,” Special Volume on Democracy After Conflict, Journal of Democracy , Vol 16, No 1, January 2005.
• “Was Iraq a Fool's Errand? What Really Went Wrong,” exchange between Tony Smith and Larry Diamond, Foreign Affairs , Nov/Dec 2004, Vol 83, No 6.

WEEK 10, April 21: Demilitarization; Liberia and Sierra Leone

• Macartan Humphreys and Jeremy Weinstein, “Demobilization and Reintegration,” Journal of Conflict Resolution , Vol 51, No 4, August 2007.
• James Pugel, “What the Fighters Say: A Survey of Ex-Combatants in Liberia , February-March 2006,” UNDP, April 2007. Read pages 1-7.
• Joanna Spear, “Disarmament and Demobilization,” Chapter 6 in Stedman, Rothchild and Cousens, eds, Ending Civil Wars, The Implementation of Peace Agreements ( Boulder : Lynn Rienner Publishers, 2002).
• Wolf-Christian Paes, “The challenges of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration in Liberia ,” International Peacekeeping , Vol 12, No 2, Summer 2005.
• Mike McGovern, “Liberia Case Study,” in Charles Call and Vanessa Wyeth, eds, Building States to Build Peace (International Peace Academy, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2008).

Additional/Optional Sources

• Nat J. Colletta, Markus Kostner and Ingo Widerhofer, “Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration,” in Robert Rotberg, ed, When States Fail; Causes and Consequences (Princeton and Oxford : Princeton University Press, 2004).
• Gwinyayi A. Dzinesa, “Postconflict Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Former Combatants in Southern Africa ,” International Studies Perspectives , Vol 8, 2007.
• Macartan Humphreys and Jeremy Weinstein, “What the Fighter Say: A Survey of Ex-Combatants in Sierra Leone ,” CGSD Working Paper No. 20 , August 2004 (with PRIDE-Salone).
• “Rebuilding Liberia : Prospects and Perils,” International Crisis Group. Africa Report No 75 , January 30, 2004.

1-page paper outline due

WEEK 11, April 28: Reforming the Police and the Military; El Salvador

• Charles T. Call and William Stanley, “Civilian Security,” Chapter 11 in Stedman, Rothchild and Cousens, eds, Ending Civil Wars, The Implementation of Peace Agreements (Boulder: Lynn Rienner Publishers, 2002).
• Charles Call, “Democratization, War and State-Building: Constructing the Rule of Law in El Salvador ,” Journal of Latin American Studies , Vol 35, November 2003.
• David H. McCormick, “From peacekeeping to peacebuilding: restructuring military and police institutions in El Salvador ,” Chapter 12 in Michael Doyle, Ian Johnstone and Robert Orr, eds, Keeping the peace; Multidimensional UN operations in Cambodia and El Salvador (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
• William Dean Stanley, “ El Salvador : Statebuilding before and after democratization: 1980-1995,” Third World Quarterly , Vol 27, No 1, February 2006.

Additional/Optional Sources

• Gemma Collants Celador, “Police reform: Peacebuilding through ‘democratic policing'?” International Peacekeeping , Vol 12, No 3, October 2005.
• Marc Peceny, William Stanley, “Liberal Social Reconstruction and the Resolution of Civil Wars in Central America ,” International Organization , Vol 55, No 1 (Winter 2001).
• J. Mark Ruhl, “Curbing Central America's Militaries,” Journal of Democracy , Vol 15, No 3, July 2004.
• Bonnie Tenneriello with Geoff Thale and Richard Millett, “Unfinished Business: Military Reform and Peace Processes in El Salvador and Guatemala ,” in Richard Millet and Michael Gold-Biss, eds, Beyond Praetorianism; The Latin American Military in Transition (University of Miami, 1996).

WEEK 12, May 5 : Reconstruction and Development

• Simon Chesterman, “Relief and Reconstruction: The Politics of Humanitarian and Development Assistance,” Chapter 6 in You, The People; the United Nations, Transitional Administrations and State-Building ( Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2004).
• Sarah Cliffe, Scott Guggenheim, Markus Kostner, “Community-Driven Reconstruction as an Instrument in War-to-Peace Transition,” CPR Working Papers, Paper No 7, World Bank, Social Development Department , August 2003.
• Susan L. Woodward, “Economic Priorities for Successful Peace Implementation,” in Stedman, Rothchild and Cousens, eds, Ending Civil Wars, The Implementation of Peace Agreements (Boulder: Lynn Rienner Publishers, 2002).
• Donald R. Snodgrass, “Restoring Economic Functioning in Failed States,” Chapter 12 in Robert Rotberg, ed, When States Fail; Causes and Consequences (Princeton and Oxford : Princeton University Press, 2004).

Additional/Optional Sources

• James Boyce and Madalene O'Donnell, Peace and the Public Purse: Economic Policies for Postwar Statebuilding (Lynne Rienner, 2007)
• Hal Hill and Joan M Saldanha, East Timor; Development Challenges for the World's Newest Nation ( Singapore : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies , Asia Pacific Press, the National University , 2001).
• Klaus Rohland and Sarah Cliffe, “The East Timor Reconstruction Program: Successes, Problems and Tradeoffs,” World Bank, Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction Unit, Working Paper 2002 , November 2002.

WEEK 13, May 12: Public Participation and Civil Society

• Roberto Belloni, “Civil Society and Peacebuilding in Bosnia and Herzegovina ,” Journal of Peace Research , Vol 38, No 2, March 2001.
• Jarat Chopra and Tanja Hohe, “Participatory Intervention,” Global Governance , Vol 10, No 3, July-September 2004.
• Devra C Moehler, “Public Participation and Support for the Constitution in Uganda ,” manuscript.
• Daniel N Posner, “Civil Society and the Reconstruction of Failed States,” in Robert Rotberg, ed, When States Fail; Causes and Consequences (Princeton and Oxford : Princeton University Press, 2004.

Additional/Optional Sources

• Andrew Arato, Chapter 2, “Civil Society, Transition, and the Problem of Institutionalization,” in Civil Society, Constitution and Legitimacy ( Oxford : Rowman and Littlefield, 2000).
• Nancy Bermeo, “Myths of Moderation; Confrontation and Conflict during Democratic Transition,” Comparative Politics , April 1997.
• Guillermo O'Donnell and Philippe C. Schmitter, Chapter 5, “Resurrecting Civil Society (and Restructuring Public Space),” in Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986).
• Katia Papagianni, “Participation and State Legitimation,” in Charles Call and Vanessa Wyeth, eds, Building States to Build Peace ( International Peace Academy , Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2008).
• William Stanley and David Holiday, “Broad Participation, Diffuse Responsibility: Peace Implementation in Guatemala ,” in Stedman, ed, Ending Civil Wars, The Implementation of Peace Agreements ).
• Elizabeth Jean Wood, “An Insurgent Path to Democracy: Popular Mobilization, Economic Interests and Regime Transition in South Africa and El Salvador ,” Comparative Political Studies , vol 34, no 8, October 2001.

WEEK 13, May 19: Human Rights

• “15-Point Program for Implementing Human Rights in International Peace-keeping Operations,” Amnesty International.
• Anonymous, “Human Rights in Peace Negotiations,” Human Rights Quarterly, Vol 18, No 2, 1996.
• Christine Bell and Johanna Keenan, “Human Rights Nongovernmental Organizations and the Problems of Transition,” Human Rights Quarterly , Vol 26, No 2, May 2004.
• Todd Howland, “UN Human Rights Field Presence as a Proactive Instrument of Peace and Social Change: Lessons from Angola ,” Human Rights Quarterly , Vol 26, 2004.
• Tonya L. Putnam, “Human Rights and Sustainable Peace,” in Stedman, Rothchild and Cousens, eds, Ending Civil Wars, The Implementation of Peace Agreements.

Additional/Optional Sources

• Christine Bell, Peace Agreements and Human Rights ( Oxford University Press, 2000)
• Susan Burgerman, “Building Peace by Mandating Reform; United Nations-Mediated Human Rights Agreements in El Salvador and Guatemala ,” Latin American Perspectives , Issue 112, Vol 27, No 3, May 2000.
• Martha Doggett and Ingrid Kircher, “El Salvador,” International Council on Human Rights, Review Meeting, Role of Human Rights in Peace Agreements, March 2005.
• Alice H. Henkin, Honoring Human Rights and Keeping the Peace: Lessons from El Salvador , Cambodia , and Haiti (Washington, DC: Aspen Institute, 1995).
• Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, “Human Rights in Nepal ; One Year after the Comprehensive Peace Agreement,” December 12, 2007.

WEEK 15, May 26: Justice and Rule of Law

• Simon Chesterman, “Justice and Reconciliation: The Rule of Law in Post-Conflict Territories ,” Chapter 5 in You, The People; the United Nations, Transitional Administrations and State-Building ( Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2004).
• James Dobbins et al, “Rule of Law,” Chapter 4 in The Beginner's Guide to Nation-Building (RAND Corporation, 2007)
• Juan Mendez, “Accountability for Past Abuses,” Human Rights Quarterly , Vol 19, No 2, 1997.
• Hansjorg Strohmeyer, “Collapse and Reconstruction of a Judicial System: The United Nations Missions in Kosovo and East Timor ,” The American Journal of International Law, Vol 95, No1, January 2001.

Additional/Optional Sources

• Cheriff Bassiouni, Post Conflict Justice (Transnational Publishers, 2001).
• Priscilla Hayner, Unspeakable Truths: Confronting State Terror and Atrocities ( New York and London : Routledge, 2001).
• Ian Johnstone, “Rights and Reconciliation in El Salvador,” in Michael W. Doyle, Ian Johnstone and Robert C. Orr, eds, Keeping the peace; Multidimensional UN operations in Cambodia and El Salvador (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, International Peace Academy 1997).
• Neil J. Kritz, ed, Transitional Justice; How Emerging Democracies Reckon with Former Regimes, vol III; Laws, Rulings, and Reports ( Washington , DC , USIP Press, 1995).
• Post-Conflict Justice Chapters in East Timor and Sierra Leone reports published by the International Policy Institute, Conflict Security and Development Group, King's College London, as part of the project: Review of Peace Operations: A Case for Change .
• East Timor Report: http://ipi.sspp.kcl.ac.uk/rep006/s07.html
• Sierra Leone Report: http://ipi.sspp.kcl.ac.uk/rep004/s06.html
• William Schabas, “The Relationship Between Truth Commissions and International Courts: The Case of Sierra Leone,” Human Rights Quarterly , vol 25, no 4, November 2003.
• Jack Snyder and Leslie Vinjamuri, “Trials and Errors: Principle and Pragmatism in Strategies of International Justice,” International Security , Vol 28, No 3, Winter 2003/4.
• Katia Zoglin, “The Future of War Crimes Prosecutions in the Former Yugoslavia : Accountability or Junk Justice?” Human Rights Quarterly , vol 27, no 1, February 2005.

FINAL PAPER DUE