Joost Pauwelyn is Professor of International Law at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland since 2007. Previously he was Professor of Law at Duke University (USA). He has taught at Neuchâtel, Columbia, NYU and Georgetown law schools and worked as legal adviser for the WTO Secretariat (1996-2002). He specializes in international economic law, in particular trade law and investment law, and its relationship to public international law. He also frequently advises governments and industry in WTO dispute settlement and investment arbitration, and is Senior Advisor to the law firm of King & Spalding LLP. In July 2011, he was added to the indicative list of WTO panelists at the request of Belgium.
He is the author of one of the leading case books on International Trade Law (Aspen, 2009, with A. Guzman) and, most recently, editor of Global Challenges at the Intersection of Trade, Energy and The Environment (CEPR, 2010) and The Law, Economics and Politics of Retaliation in WTO Dispute Settlement (CUP, 2010). He also authored, amongst other works, The Transformation of World Trade (Michigan Law Review, 2005) and Conflict of Norms in Public International Law (Guggenheim Prize, 2005). In 2009, he received the Francis Deak prize, awarded to a younger author for meritorious scholarship published in The American Journal of International Law for his article on non-discrimination.
Professor of International Law
Co-Director of the Centre for Trade and Economic Integration
Research Interests: Professor Pauwelyn's current research projects include: the effectiveness and accountability of informal international lawmaking; the use of economics in international trade and investment dispute settlement; new disciplines on export restrictions; fragmentation of international law; law and economics of public international law; trade policy to fight climate change; regulating foreign process and production methods in line with WTO Law.
Possible research topics for incoming PhD candidates
- Non-discrimination in International Economic Law and Human
Rights Law;
- The Legal Consequences of Private Investor Rights under Bilateral Investment
Treaties;
- Transit Obligations under the WTO;
- The effectiveness and accountability of informal international lawmaking;
- The use of economics in international trade and investment dispute settlement;
- New disciplines on export restrictions;
- State of Necessity as an Excuse under International Economic Law;
- Using economics to resolve legal questions under International Economic Law;
Selected Publications
Books & Monographs
Informal International Lawmaking, (editor with R. Wessel & J. Wouters), Oxford University Press, forthcoming 2012
Informal International Lawmaking: Case Studies, (editor with R. Wessel & J. Wouters), TOAEP Academic Publisher, forthcoming 2012
Global Challenges at the Intersection of Trade, Energy and The Environment, (editor), CEPR, June 2010, available at http://www.cepr.org/press/CTEI-CEPR.pdf
The Law, Economics and Politics of Retaliation in WTO Dispute Settlement, Cambridge University Press, 2010 (co-edited with Chad Bown)
International Trade Law, Wolters Kluwer / Aspen Publishers, 2009 (with Andrew Guzman, Berkeley), 2nd edition, forthcoming 2012
Optimal Protection of International Law, Cambridge University Press, 2008
Appeal Without Remand : A Design Flaw in WTO Dispute Settlement and How to Fix it, June 2007
Human Rights and International Trade(co-edited with Thomas Cottier and Elisabeth Burgi), Oxford University Press, 2005
Conflict of Norms in Public International Law - How WTO Law Relates to Other Rules of International Law, Cambridge University Press, 2003, published in paperback in 2008 and translated & published in Chinese, Law Press China, 2005 (Guggenheim Prize, 2005)
The Nature of WTO Obligations, Jean Monnet Working Paper No. 1/02 (2002), NYU School of Law, Jean Monnet Centre, available here
Trade in Energy, WTO Rules Applying under The Energy Charter Treaty, Energy Charter Secretariat, Brussels, 2001
Recent Articles
‘Trading Cultures – Appellate Body Report on China – Audiovisuals ’, (with P. Conconi), 10 World Trade Review (2011) 95-118
‘The Dog That Barked But Didn’t Bite: Fifteen Years of Intellectual Property Disputes at the WTO’, 1 Journal of International Dispute Resolution (2010), 389-429
‘Squaring Free Trade in Culture With Chinese Censorship: The WTO Appellate Body Report on China – Audiovisuals’, 11 Melbourne Journal of International Law (2010), 1-22, available here
‘Emergency Action by the WTO Director-General: Global Administrative Law and the WTO's Initial Response to the 2008-09 Financial Crisis’ (co-authored with A. Berman), 6 International Organizations Law Review (2009) 499-512
‘Forum Shopping Before International Tribunals: (Real) Concerns, (Im)Possible Solutions’ (co-authored with Luiz Eduardo Salles), 42 Cornell International Law Journal (2009) 77-118, available here
‘Non-Discrimination in Trade and Investment Treaties: Worlds Apart or Two Sides of the Same Coin?’ (co-authored with Nicolas DiMascio), 102 American Journal of International Law (2008) 48-89
New Trade Politics for the 21st Century, 11 Journal of International Economic Law (2008) 559
‘U.S. Federal Climate Policy and Competitiveness Concerns: The Limits and Options of International Trade Law’, Working Paper, Nicolas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Duke University, April 2007, available here
‘Adding Sweeteners to Softwood Lumber: The WTO-NAFTA ‘Spaghetti Bowl’ Is Cooking’, 9 Journal Of International Economic Law (2006) 1-10
‘The Transformation of World Trade’, 104 Michigan Law Review (2005) 1-70
‘Rien ne Va Plus? Distinguishing Domestic Regulation from Market Access in GATT and GATS’, 4 World Trade Review (2005) 131-170
Articles
Trading Cultures – Appellate Body Report on China – Audiovisuals, (with P. Conconi), 10 World Trade Review (2011) 95-118
The Dog That Barked But Didn’t Bite: Fifteen Years of Intellectual Property Disputes at the WTO, 1 Journal of International Dispute Resolution (2010), 389-429
Squaring Free Trade in Culture With Chinese Censorship: The WTO Appellate Body Report on China – Audiovisuals, 11 Melbourne Journal of International Law (2010), 1-22
Emergency Action by the WTO Director-General: Global Administrative Law and the WTO's Initial Response to the 2008-09 Financial Crisis, (with A. Berman), 6 International Organizations Law Review (2009) 499-512
Forum Shopping Before International Tribunals: (Real) Concerns, (Im)possible Solutions, 42 Cornell International Law Journal (2009) 77-118 (with Eduardo Salles)
Non-Discrimination in Trade and Investment Treaties : Worlds Apart or Two Sides of the Same Coin ? (co-authored with Nicolas DiMascio), 102 American Journal of International Law (2008) 48
New Trade Politics for the 21st Century, 11 Journal of International Economic Law (2008) 559
U.S. Federal Climate Policy and Competitiveness Concerns: The Limits and Options of International Trade Law, Working Paper, Nicolas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Duke University,available at http://www.nicholas.duke.edu/institute/internationaltradelaw.pdf
Adding Sweeteners to Softwood Lumber: The WTO-NAFTA ‘Spaghetti Bowl’ Is Cooking, 9 Journal Of International Economic Law (2006) 1-10
The Transformation of World Trade, 104 Michigan Law Review (2005) 1-70
Rien ne Va Plus? Distinguishing Domestic Regulation from Market Access in GATT and GATS, 4 World Trade Review (2005) 131-170
The Sutherland Report: A Missed Opportunity for Genuine Debate on Trade, Globalization and Reforming the WTO, Journal Of International Economic Law (2005:2) 329-346
Bridging Fragmentation and Unity: International Law as a Universe of Inter-Connected Islands, 25 Michigan Journal Of International Law (2004) 903-927
Going Global, Regional or Both? Dispute settlement in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and Overlaps with the WTO and Other Jurisdictions, 13 Minnesota Journal Of Global Trade (2004) 231-304
Environmental Risk, Precaution and Scientific Rationality in the Context of WTO/NAFTA Trade Rules, Risk Analysis (2004) 461-9 (with D. Crawford Brown and Kelly Smith)
The Puzzle of WTO Safeguards and Regional Trade Agreements, Journal Of International Economic Law (2004) 109-142
A Typology of Multilateral Treaty Obligations: Are WTO Obligations Bilateral or Collective in Nature? 14 European Journal Of International Law (2003) 907-952
How to Win a WTO dispute based on non-WTO law: Questions of Jurisdiction and Merits, Journal Of World Trade (2003) 997-1030
The Limits of Litigation: Americanization and Negotiation in the Settlement of WTO Disputes, 19 Ohio State Journal On Dispute Resolution (2003) 121-140
WTO Compassion or Superiority Complex?: What to Make of the WTO Waiver for “Conflict Diamonds”, 24 Michigan Journal Of International Law (2003) 1177-1207
The Use of Experts in WTO Dispute Settlement, 51 International And Comparative Law Quarterly (2002) 325-364
Cross-agreement Complaints before the Appellate Body: A case study of the EC – Asbestos Dispute, 1 World Trade Review (2002) 63-87
The Role of Public International Law in the WTO: How Far Can We Go? 95 American Journal of International Law (2001) 535-578
Enforcement and Countermeasures in the WTO: Rules are Rules – Towards a More Collective Approach, 94 American Journal of International Law (2000) 621-633
An Overview of the WTO Agreements On Health and Technical Standards and Their Impact On Communication, Zeischrift Für Das Gesamte Lebensmittelrecht (2000) 843-858
Evidence, Proof and Persuasion in WTO Dispute Settlement, Who Bears the Burden, Journal Of International Economic Law (1998) 227-258
The WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures as Applied in the First Three SPS Disputes: EC – Hormones, Australia – Salmon and Japan – Varietals, Journal Of International Economic Law (1999) 641-664
The Concept of a "Continuing Violation" of an International Obligation: Selected Problems, British Yearbook Of International Law (1995) 415-450
Works in Collection
The Politics of Treaty Interpretation: Variations and Explanations Across International Tribunals, (with M. Elsig), in International Law and International Relations: Taking Stock (Jeffrey Dunoff and Mark Pollack, eds.), Cambridge University Press, forthcoming 2012
The World Trade Organization’s Dispute Settlement Mechanism – Analysis and Problems, (with T. Bernauer & M. Elsig) in Oxford Handbook of the WTO (A. Narlikar, M. Daunton, and R. M.Stern, eds), Oxford University Press, forthcoming 2012
The Rise and Challenges of ‘Informal’ International Law-Making, in The Law of the Future and the Future of Law (eds. Muller, Zouridis, Frishman and Kistemaker, 2011), 125-140
Principled Monism and The Normative Conception of Coercion under International Law, (with George Pavlakos), in Beyond the Established Orders: Policy Interconnections Between the EU and the Rest of the World (eds. Malcolm Evans & Panos Koutrakos, 2011)
Conflict of Norms or Conflict of Laws?: Different Techniques in the Fragmentation of International Law, (with Ralf Michaels), in Multi-Sourced Equivalent Norms (ed. Yuval Shany, 2011)
Appellate Body Report on China – Audiovisuals, (with Paola Conconi), WTO Case Law of 2009, American Law Institute, forthcoming 2010 (CUP)
The Dog That Barked But Didn’t Bite: 15 Years of Intellectual Property Disputes at the WTO, in La Resolution des Litiges de Propriété Intellectuelle (ed. Jacques de Werra), 2010, 1-52
Global Challenges at the Intersection of Trade, Energy and the Environment: An Introduction, in Global Challenges at the Intersection of Trade, Energy and the Environment (ed. J. Pauwelyn), p. 1-10
Trade Retaliation in WTO Dispute Settlement: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach, (with Chad Bown), in The Law, Economics and Politics of Retaliation in WTO Dispute Settlement (Cambridge University Press, 2010) (eds. J. Pauwelyn & Chad Bown)
The Calculation and Design of Trade Retaliation in Context: What is the Goal of Suspending WTO Obligations?, in The Law, Economics and Politics of Retaliation in WTO Dispute Settlement (Cambridge University Press, 2010) (eds. J. Pauwelyn & Chad Bown)
Multilateralizing Regionalism: What About An MFN Clause in Preferential Trade Agreements?, Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law, 2009, p. 122-124
10. Comment – Nothing Dramatic (… regarding administration of customs laws. A Comment on the WTO Appellate Body Report on EC – Selected Customs Matters by B. Hoekman and P. Mavroidis, in The WTO Case Law of 2006-2007, Legal and Economic Analysis (CUP, 2009, eds. P. Mavroidis & H. Horn)
10. Legal Avenues to “Multilaterise Regionalism”: Beyond Article XXIV, in Multilateralising Regionalism, Challenges for the Global Trading System, Cambridge University Press, 2009 (eds. Richard Baldwin and Patrick Low)
The Unbearable Lightness of Likeness, in GATS and the Regulation of International Trade in Services, Cambridge University Press, 2008 (eds. Marion Panizzon, Nicole Pohl and Pierre Sauvé)
Fragmentation of International Law, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, entry included in 2008
The Future of the WTO – Consultative Board Report in WTO Law and Process, The Proceedings of the 2005 and 2006 Annual WTO Conferences (F. Ortino and S. Ripinsky, eds.), at 160
Trade and Investment Disputes: Complement or Conflict? in WTO Law and Process, The Proceedings of the 2005 and 2006 Annual WTO Conferences (F. Ortino and S. Ripinsky, eds.), at 313
The Promises and Limits of Treaty Interpretation, in Fragmentation : Diversification and Expansion of International Law, Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Canadian Council on International Law, 2006, at 99.
Europe, America and the “Unity” of International Law, Conference Book, Amsterdam University (forthcoming 2007)
Non-Traditional Patterns of Global Regulation: Is the WTO ‘Missing the Boat’? in Non-Traditional Sources of International Law (eds. Ilias Bantekas and Ricardo Abello, forthcoming OUP 2006)
Is the Vienna Convention Outdated? in WTO LAW AND PROCESS, eds. Mads Andenas and Federico Ortino, British Institute of International and Comparative Law, 2005, 494-500
Remedies in the WTO: ‘First Set the Goal, then Fix the Instruments to Get There’, in WTO LAW AND PROCESS, eds. Mads Andenas and Federico Ortino, British Institute of International and Comparative Law, 2005, 185-199
The Use of Experts in WTO Dispute Settlement, in George Bermann & Petros Mavroidis (Eds.), Human Health And Safety In Wto Dispute Resolution (Cambridge University Press, forthcoming 2005)
WTO Dispute Settlement: Of Sovereign Interests, Private Rights and Public Goods, in Jerome Reichman (Ed.), International Public Goods And Transfer Of Technology Under A Globalized Intellectual Property Regime (Cambridge University Press, 2005) 817-830
The Application of Non-WTO Rules of International Law in WTO Dispute Settlement, in P. Macrory, A. Appleton and M. Plummer (eds.), The Wto: Legal, Economic And Political Analysis (Springer, 2005, 3 Vols.), Vol. I, 1405-1426
The Jurisdiction of the WTO, in Proceedings Of The 98th Annual Meeting Of The American Society Of International Law (March 31-April 3, 2004) 135-138
A Comparative Analysis of Trade Remedies in the WTO (translated in Japanese), in Ichiro Araki And Kawase Tsuyoshi (Eds.), Safeguards Under The Wto Agreement: Issues And Proposals For A More Effective Mechanism, published by Toyo Keizai Shimpo Sha, Japan, 2004, 21-36
Proposals for Reform of Article 21 of the DSU, in E.-U. Petersmann, Improvements And Clarifications Of The Wto Dispute Settlement Understanding, Wto Negotiators Meet Academics (European University Institute, 2002) 67-80
Does the WTO Stand for “Deference to” or “Interference with” National Health Authorities when Applying the (SPS) Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures?, in Thomas Cottier & Petros Mavroidis (Eds.), The Role Of The Judge In International Trade Regulation (Michigan University Press, 2003)
A World Environment Court, in Un University, Institute Of Advanced Studies, International Environmental Governance, Gaps And Weaknesses, Proposals For Reform, Working Paper, 2002 (36 pages)
MFN-Unconditionality: A Legal Analysis of the Concept in View of its Evolution in the GATT/WTO Jurisprudence with Particular Reference to the Issue of "Like Product", co-authored with William, J., Davey, in Thomas Cottier & Petros Mavroidis (Eds.), Regulatory Barriers And The Principle Of Non-Discrimination(University of Michigan Press, 1998) 13-50
Applying SPS in WTO disputes, in David Robertson & Aynsley Kellow, Globalization And The Environment, Risk Assessment And The Wto (2001) 63-81
Just Trade, Book Review of Trade, Inequality and Justice: Toward a Liberal Theory of Just Trade, by Frank J. Garcia (2003), 37 GEORGE WASHINGTON INTERNATIONAL LAW REVIEW (2005) 559-571
An Insider’s Guide to the WTO’s Problems, (with Andrew Guzman), 9 BRIDGES 2005 (January) at p. 7 (published by the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD))
The Appellate Body's GSP decision, (with Lorand Bartels, Steve Charnovitz, Robert Howse, Jane Bradley and Donald Regan) 3 World Trade Review (2004) 239-266
Recent Books on Trade and Environment: GATT Phantoms Still Haunt the WTO, 15 European Journal Of International Law (2004) 575-592
L'Organisation Mondiale Du Commerce et la Proprieté Intellectuelle, Pourquoi Et Comment?, 39 L'observateur De Bruxelles (October 2000) 40-45
Towards Liberalization of Trade in Basic Communications: Negotiations in the World Trade Organization, 10 Société De Droit International Economique (Sdie) Bulletin (1997) 6-8
Book Review: Regionalism and Multilateralism After the Uruguay Round - Convergence and Interaction, (by Demaret, Bellis and Jiménez (eds.), 1997), Journal Of World Trade (1999) 182-187
